0951 - Paris is founded
0975 - Edgar, King of England (959-75), dies
1153 - Eugene III, [Bernardo], Italian Pope (1145-53), dies
1249 - Alexander II, king of Scotland (1215-49), dies at 51
1253 - Thibaud IV, poet/count of Champagne/King of Navarra, dies
1497 - Vasco da Gama departs for trip to India
1551 - Willem of Orange weds countess Anna van Egmond and Buren
1623 - Gregory XV, [Alessandro Ludovisi], bishop of Bologna/Pope, dies at 69
1654 - First Jewish colonist arrive in US (Jacob Barsimson in Manhattan)
1663 - King Charles II of England grants a charter to Rhode Island
1672 - Willem II becomes captain-/admiral-general
1693 - NYC authorizes first police uniforms in American colonies
1709 - Battle of Poltava; Russians defeat Swedes
1758 - English and Colonial assault on France at Ticonderoga, New York
1776 - Col John Nixon gave first public reading of Declaration of Independence (Philadelphia)
1777 - Vt becomes first state abolishing slavery, adopts male suffrage
1778 - George Washington headquarters at West Point for his Continental Army
1792 - France declares war on Prussia
1796 - US State Department issues first American passport
1797 - First US senator (William Blount of Tennessee) expelled by impeachment
1800 - Dr Benjamin Waterhouse gives first cowpox vaccination to his son to prevent smallpox
1805 - American Bill Richmond knocks out Jack Holmes, Kilburn Wells, England
1816 - Frost in Waltham, Massachusetts
1822 - Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (Prometheus unbound), drowns at 29
1833 - Russia and Turkey sign defense treaty
1835 - Liberty Bell cracks (again)
1836 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches Saint-Helena
1838 - Arabs attack Jewish community of Safed
1849 - St Paul's Place in the Bronx named
1853 - Commodore Matthew Perry sails his frigate Susquehanna into Tokyo Bay
1859 - F J Oscar I, King of Sweden/Norway (1844-59), dies at 60
1861 - CS General Sibley is given command of rebel troops in New Mexico territory
1861 - Skirmish at Florida, Michigan - A rebel encampment is attacked and dispersed
1862 - Odore R Timby patents revolving gun turret
1870 - Congress authorizes registration of trademarks
1870 - Gov Holden of NC declares Casswell County in a state of insurrection
1876 - White terrorists attack Black Republicans in Hamburg SC, killing 5
1889 - John L Sullivan KOs Jake Kilrain in 75 rounds (last bare-knuckle bout)
1889 - Wall Street Journal begins publishing
1891 - 61�F, highest temp for July 1891, in Baltimore and Philadelphia
1891 - Future President Harding marries Florence K DeWolfe in Marion Ohio
1892 - American Psychological Association organized, Worcester, Massachusetts
1895 - Delagoa Bay Railway opens in South-Africa
1896 - William Jennings Bryan "cross of gold" speech at Democratic convention
1897 - Harbor Hospital formally opens
1898 - Phillies Red Donahue no-hits Boston Braves, 5-0
1898 - US battle fleet under adm Dewey occupies Isla Grande at Manila
1900 - First night baseball, league game (Zanesville at Grand Rapids)
1902 - John McGraw, accused by Ban Johnson of trying to wreck Baltimore and Washington clubs, negotiates his release from the Orioles
1905 - Part of Angel Island allocated for Immigration Detention Center
1907 - Florenz Ziegfeld staged first `Follies' on NY Theater roof
1909 - First pro baseball game (minor league) played under lights
1911 - Nan Aspinwall is first woman to make solo transcont trip by horse
1912 - G E V Crutchley (Oxford) 99 retired measles v Cambridge
1912 - Giants Rube Marquard loses after winning 21 straight
1918 - Babe Ruth's blast over the fence in Fenway scores Amos Strunk, the Red Sox win 1-0 over Cleve, prevailing rules reduce Babe's HR to a triple
1919 - President Wilson returns to NYC from Versailles Peace Conference
1922 - 35th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Suzanne Lenglen beats M Mallory (62 60)
1923 - Harding becomes first sitting president to visit Alaska (Metlakahtla)
1923 - Walter Mittelholzer flies Junkers F-13 to Spitsbergen/Oostland
1928 - Phillies set record of errorless 25 inning doubleheader
1932 - Depression low point of Dow Jones Industrial Average, 41.22
1933 - 46th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Helen Moody beats D Round (64 68 63)
1933 - Public Works Administration becomes effective
1935 - 3rd All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 4-1 at Municipal Stadium, Cleve
1939 - 59th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bobby Riggs beats E Cooke (26 86 36 63 62)
1941 - 9th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 7-5 at Briggs Stadium, Detroit
1941 - All Jews living in Baltic States are obligated to wear a Jewish Star
1943 - Harry Oakes, Canadian ruler of Bahamas, murdered
1943 - 4th day of battle at Kursk: General Model uses last tank reserve
1943 - British air raid sinks U-232
1943 - NSB-leader A Mussert meets with Heinrich Himmler
1943 - US invasion fleet passes Bizerta Tunisia
1944 - British troops march into Caen
1944 - Japanese kamakize attacks on US lines at Saipan
1946 - Baseball grants $5,000 minimum salary
1947 - 14th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 2-1 at Wrigley Field, Chicago
1947 - Demolition begins for UN HQ in NYC
1948 - 500th anniversary Russian orthodox church celebrated in Moscow
1949 - Monte Irvin and Hank Thompson are first blacks to play for NY Giants
1950 - 33.4 cm rain fall at York, Nebraska (state record)
1950 - 57th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Louise Brough beats M duPont (61 36 61)
1950 - Gen Douglas MacArthur named commander-in-chief, UN forces in Korea
1950 - Leroy Deans awarded first Order of Purple Heart in Korea
1951 - Yankee Joe DiMaggio and mgr Casey Stengel feud
1952 - 19th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 3-2 in 5 at Shibe Park, Phila
1953 - US stops aid to Persia
1954 - Military junta selects colonel Armas president of Guatemala
1956 - Joyce Ziske wins LPGA Syracuse Golf Open
1956 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak
1957 - Baeball Owners re-elect Commissioner Ford Frick
1957 - CDC incorporates
1957 - Irish premier Eamon de Valera arrests Sinn-Fein leaders
1958 - 25th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 4-3 at Memorial Stadium, Baltimore
1959 - Dale Buisand and Chester Ovnand, first Americans killed in Vietnam War
1960 - Fidel Castro ends Havana's Intl League team, Sugar Kings move to NJ
1961 - Fred Trueman takes 5-0 in 24 balls to rip through Aussies
1961 - Portuguese steamer "Save" breaks up off Mozambique, 227 die
1962 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Kelly Girls Golf Open
1963 - Reports of Charlie Finley's intention to move KC A's to Oakland
1963 - US bans all monetary transactions with Cuba
1965 - Joe Morgan is first Houston player with 6 hits in a game
1966 - US airline strike (until Aug 19th)
1967 - 74th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Billie Jean King beats A Jones (63 64)
1967 - Helen Weston of Detroit rolls a record 4,585 in 24 games
1968 - Israeli-Egyptian artillery duel along Suez Canal
1969 - Thor Heyerdahl and reed raft Ra II land in Barbados 57 days from Morocco
1969 - US troop withdrawal begins in Vietnam
1970 - SF Giant Jim Ray Hart is 8th to get 6 RBIs in an inning (5th)
1971 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1972 - English prince Richard marries Birgitte of Deurs (Henriksen)
1972 - US sells grain to USSR for $750 million
1973 - Mary Lou Crocker wins LPGA MARC Equity Golf Classic Crocker
1973 - NY Mets are 12� games back in NL, and go on to win pennant
1974 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
1974 - Yank shortstop Jim Mason ties record with 4 doubles in 9 inn game
1975 - Israeli premier Yitzhak Rabin visits West-Germany
1975 - President Ford announced he'll seek Republican nomination for president
1975 - Quake damages over 2,000 temples in Pagan Burma, 20-foot-high seated Buddha of Thandawgya decapitated
1976 - Randy Jones wins NL record 16 games before All Star break
1977 - Sabra Starr finishes longest recorded belly dance (100 hrs)
1978 - 92nd Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bj�rn B�rg beats Jimmy Connors (62 62 63)
1978 - Alessandro Pertini elected president of Italy
1978 - Pioneer-Venus 2 Multi-probe launched to Venus
1979 - Congo adopts constitution
1979 - Don Martina's MAN party wins election in Dutch Antilles
1979 - Hollis Stacy wins LPGA Mayflower Golf Classic
1979 - Voyager 2 takes first ever photo of Jupiter's satellite Adrastea (J14)
1980 - 51st All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 4-2 at Dodger Stadium, LA
1980 - All star MVP: Ken Griffey (Cin Reds)
1981 - France performs nuclear test
1981 - PM Maurois nationalizes banks/plane/steel industry in France
1981 - Senate confirms Sandra Day O'Conner to Supreme Court (99-0)
1982 - "7 Brides for 7 Brothers" opens at Alvin Theater NYC for 5 perfs
1982 - Billy Martin records his 1,000th career win as a manager
1982 - Porn star John Homes convicted of receiving stolen property
1983 - Rudi Koopmans retains European middleweight title
1984 - 98th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: John McEnroe beats J Connors (61 61 62)
1984 - Lauri Peterson wins LPGA Jamie Farr Toledo Golf Classic
1985 - 99th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Boris Becker beats K Curren (63 67 76 64)
1985 - Marge Schott becomes CEO of Cincinnati Red
1986 - Farthest thrown object-an "Aerobie" flying ring, 383 m (1,257')
1986 - NASA establishes Safety, Reliability Maintain and Quality Assurance
1986 - Zimbabwe beats Netherlands by 25 runs to win ICC Trophy
1987 - Kitty Dukakis, revealed addiction to amphetamines for 26 years
1988 - Indians' Bud Black sets club record for most batters hit in inning (3)
1988 - Miami Arena opens
1988 - Rockers Jonathan "Chico" and Robert DeBarge indicted on drug trafficking
1988 - Stevie Wonder announces he will run for mayor of Detroit in 1992
1989 - Carlos Saul Menum becomes president of Argentina
1989 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1990 - Brewers beat Angels 20-7, including 13 in 5th inning
1990 - Germany beats Argentina 1-0 for soccer's 14th World Cup at Rome
1990 - Greg Lemond wins his 3rd Tour de France (90:43:20 avg 23.3 mph)
1990 - Tina Purtzer wins LPGA Jamie Farr Toledo Golf Classic
1990 - Trailing 7-0, Brewers tie Angels and then score 13 in 5th to win 20-7
1991 - Pitts Pirate President Carl Barger becomes first president of Fla Marlins
1991 - Major league umpire Steve Palermo and former NFL defensive lineman Terence Mann were shot trying to help 2 waitresses from being robbed
1992 - Florida Marlins unveil their uniform
1992 - Thomas Klestil installed as president of Austria
1994 - Preliminary trial rules there is enough evidence to try OJ Simpson
1994 - Sonia O'Sullivan runs female 2K world record (5:25.36)
1994 - Space shuttle STS-65 (Columbia 17), launches
1994 - St Maarten "Godfather" Claude Wathey sentenced to 1� years
1994 - Whitney Houston suffers a miscarriage
1995 - 102nd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Graf beats Arantxa S Vicario (46 61 75)
1995 - First CFL game between 2 US teams, Las Vegas Posse vs Sacramento Gold
1997 - 68th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 3-1 at Jacobs Field, Cleveland
2004 - Enron founder and former chairman Kenneth Lay pleaded innocent to charges related to the energy company's collapse. (Lay was later convicted on 10 counts, including fraud and conspiracy. He died of heart disease in July 2006 while his case was on appeal)
2004 - Adelphia Communications Corp. founder John Rigas and his son Timothy were convicted in New York of looting the cable company and deceiving investors
2006 - Four more U.S. soldiers were charged with rape and murder and a fifth with dereliction of duty in the alleged rape-slaying of a young Iraqi woman and the killings of her relatives in Mahmoudiya
